The Urgency of Guidance in Correctional Institutions

: This study aims to determine and analyze the implementation of prisoner coaching. This research uses normative and empirical research. Normative and empirical variety research is used in this study. Normative research examines laws, ideas


I. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a vast country and is a state of Law. National development in the outline of the state policy covers all aspects of the life of the community, nation, and State intending to realize a just society. 1 Law is the result of social interaction with people's lives. The development of Law is a mirror of community development.
The sentencing of perpetrators of criminal acts is not merely a form of retaliation for the crimes committed but is given guidance. The concept of coaching adopted by Indonesia is how to integrate criminals into society. This guidance is carried out because it is an Indonesian society with rights that must be protected. These rights are given by providing physical and mental advice so that they can become fully human and be accepted again when they return to the community. 2 The Minister of Justice Sahardjo first perfected the concept of the prison in 1963. The task of a prison officer is not only to carry out sentences, but a much more difficult task is to return people convicted of a crime to society, following the main purpose of establishing the Correctional Institution as stated in Article 2 in Law no. 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections, namely forming prisoners so that they become fully human beings who realize their mistakes, improve themselves, and do not repeat criminal acts so that they can be accepted by the community and become good responsible and useful citizens. 3 Philosophically, the penitentiary is a criminal system that has far left the philosophy of retributive deterrence, and rationalization. In other words, punishment is not intended to torture or make suffering a form of retaliation, nor does it consider the convict to be someone who lacks socialization. 4 A person sentenced to prison will be placed in the Correctional Institution. In the Correctional Institution, guidance will be carried out as regulated in the Correctional Law and Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999. Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999, in Article 2, confirms that: The three provisions stipulated in Article 2 of Government Regulation no. 31 of 1999 are a pattern of guidance for prisoners that must be carried out in correctional institutions throughout Indonesia. However, what is expected by the Law regarding the design of fostering prisoners in Correctional Institutions does not run according to the provisions; there are many factors that cause this to happen, such as overcapacity, which is the main problem. 6 Based on the system in the correctional database, it is recorded that the number of prisoners and convicts occurs every year; although the number of Technical Implementation Units (UPT) and their capacity has also increased, of course, they cannot stem the surge in prisoners and prisons. Population. It was recorded that in November 2020, there were 525 UPTs with a capacity of 135,406 people, and the number of prisoners and detainees reached 211,051 people, resulting in overcapacity reaching 56%. It was recorded in the Barru Rutan Class II B; the number of residents in November 2020 reached 194 people with a capacity of 112 people.
The overcapacity that has occurred has made the training of prisoners ineffective, so currently, the activity of prisoners is carried out in prisons and detention centres. Prisons in Law no. 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) is a places where suspects or defendants are detained during the process of investigation, prosecution, and examination in courts in Indonesia. 7 Currently, many detentions centres have become places for inmates to be trained because of excess capacity in prisons. Reducing the overcapacity of prisoners/conditional release for prisoners who have met the requirements is one solution or way to reduce overcapacity in detention centers/prisons. The issue of parole is only part of the problem of prisoners' rights, which until now has not been fully implemented. Many more prisoners' rights must be considered and protected, especially after serving a sentence, so the community and the surrounding environment can accept those prisoners again.

II. RESEARCH METHODS
It is a research method that, in this case, combines elements of normative Law which are then supported by the addition of data or empirical elements. Normative-empirical legal research is legal research that focuses attention on legal issues as a matter of the existence of a gap between imperatives, namely orders and prohibitions (das sollen) contained in various laws and regulations, both types of laws and regulations which are affirmed in article 7 and article 7 8 Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Legislation.

The Effectiveness of the Implementation of Prisoner Development in the Detention Center Class II B Barru
Before discussing the effectiveness of implementing Prisoners' Guidance in Detention Centers, it is necessary first to know what Rutan is. A State Detention House is where suspects are detained or detained during the process of investigation, prosecution and examination at court hearings. 8 Article 1 paragraph (2)  The definition of coaching according to article 1 paragraph (1) Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia no. 31 of 1999 concerning the Guidance and Guidance of Correctional Assisted Citizens is an activity to improve the quality of devotion to God Almighty, intellectual, attitude, and behaviour, professional, physical and spiritual health of prisoners and correctional students. 11 Convict coaching is a series of processes based on the correctional system to shape prisoners into better individuals. 12 Prison development is carried out based on the correctional system regulated in Law The concept of fostering inmates in the detention centre refers to the rules and laws and the implementation procedures that apply in prisons. In the Author's opinion, this means that there is no notable difference between Rutan and Lapas regarding the 8  As stated in Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections, the Correctional System focuses on efforts to care for, develop, educate and guide inmates to restore the unity of the basic relationship between the individual inmates and the community. 14 The implementation of corrective development is based on the principles of the penitentiary system to care for, foster, educate and guide inmates to become good and useful citizens. Inmates in the correctional system have the right to receive spiritual and physical guidance, their right to carry out their worship, to communicate with outside parties, both their families and other parties, to obtain information, either through print or electronic media, to receive proper education, and so on.
These rights are not obtained automatically, but with certain conditions or criteria, such as to get remission, assimilation must meet certain requirements. For the rights of the inmates as stated in Article 14 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), Article 22 paragraph (2), Article 29 paragraph (2), and Article 36 paragraph (2) of Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections If it can be implemented properly, then for each class of inmates, different terms and procedures are determined because each group has additional rights, such as criminals who do not have the right to receive wages or premiums, State children do not have the right to receive wages or salaries. Remission and Civilian Children do not receive stipends, remissions, parole, or leave before being released. 15 When a prisoner undergoes a sentence handed down by the court, his rights as a citizen will be limited. Although the convict loses his freedom, prisoners' rights are still protected in the Indonesian penitentiary system. Following Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 31 of 1999 concerning the Guidance and Guidance of Correctional Inmates to carry out these coaching, there are three stages of the coaching process, namely: 1. Early stage. The convict starts when the person concerned is a prisoner up to 1/3 of the criminal period. At this stage, the correctional observer team conducts observations, introductions, and environmental research for a maximum of 1 month. Planning and implementation of personality and spiritual development programs. Assessment of the implementation of the early-stage development program.
2. The first advanced stage. Suppose the process of fostering a prisoner has lasted for one-third of his actual criminal period, and according to the opinion of the Correctional Observer Team, sufficient progress has been made, among others.
In that case, he shows conviction, improvement, and discipline and obeys the rules and regulations in force at the Detention Center/ Penitentiary. He is given more freedom by imposing a medium security level of supervision. The second, advanced stage If the coaching process for a prisoner has been going on for half 13 Rasad, F. (2021). Perubahan Pidana Mati Menjadi Pidana Penjara Melalui Pemidanaan Secara Alternatif. Jurnal HAM,12, 14 Vide Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 Tentang Pemasyarakatan 15 Vide Pasal 14 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), Pasal 22 ayat (2), Pasal 29 ayat (2), dan Pasal 36 ayat (2) Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan of his actual criminal period, and according to the opinion of the Correctional Observer Team, considerable progress has been made both physically and mentally. Physically as well as mentally and in terms of skills, the forum for the development process is expanded by allowing the inmate concerned to assimilate with the community outside the Rutan/Penitentiary.
3. Final Stage. Suppose the coaching process for a prisoner has been ongoing for two-thirds of his substantial criminal period or at least nine months. In that case, the prisoner can be released on parole, which is determined by the Correctional Observer Team. 16 Matters regarding the terms and procedures for granting remission, assimilation, leave to visit family, leave before release, conditional leave, and parole are regulated in the  (Rutan), it is explained that the State Detention Center, hereinafter referred to as Rutan, is a place where suspects or defendants are detained during the process of investigation, prosecution and examination. In court. 18 Based on the placement of detainees in the Rutan/Rutan Branch or Lapas/Prison Branch in a certain place, it is a series of sentencing processes that begins with the investigation process, then continues with the prosecution and examination of cases in the Court Session and the implementation of court decisions at the Correctional Institution. the Republic of Indonesia, which is regulated in Chapter VII concerning the Implementation of Guidance as follows "the functions and duties of fostering early-stage of inmates (prisoners, state children, correctional clients, and prisoners) are carried out in an integrated manner with the aim that after they have finished serving their sentence, their guidance and guidance can become good citizens of the community. 20

Scope of Coaching
As servants of the state and public servants, they are obliged to live and practice the tasks of correctional development with full responsibility. Officers must have professional abilities and moral integration to carry out effective, effective, and effective corrective development activities.
To be able to base the prisoner development program, the State puts it in Article 5 of Law no. 12 of 1995 concerning corrections that the correctional development system is carried out based on the principle of: In researching the development of prisoners, the first thing to discuss is the legislation that underlies the development of prisoners. In this case, in addition to referring to Law Number 12 of 1995, where the purpose of coaching is to form Correctional Inmates to become fully human, realize their mistakes, improve themselves, and not repeat their crimes so that they can be accepted again by the community. 24 To achieve this goal, Prisoners/Inmates are required to participate in all the coaching programs that have been set at the Class II B Barru Rutan from the time they enter until I release them from the State Detention Center because their criminal period has ended.
Currently, several circulars are needed it is real, or the confirmation of the previous brochure in the Correctional Institution in the guidance refers to the pattern of guidance/detainees, which the Ministry of Justice issued in 1990. Although in practice, it is not yet fully implemented. Conducted.

Opinions and Responses to Interviews of Inmates at The Barru Class II B State Detention Center
Opinions and responses from prisoners regarding implementing guidance at the Class II B Barru State Detention Center are deemed necessary to know so that the implementation of prisoner coaching can be further improved or maintained. 23 Vide Pasal 8 ayat (1)   From this data, there are still prisoners who think implementing guidance in detention centres tends to retaliate. This should not have happened because, since the issuance of the Correctional Law, the orientation of prisoner development must have been changed to a more humane direction. However, from the data, it is clear that most inmates consider the coaching process in the detention centre to be correct. This is reflected in the purpose of the penitentiary system, which is an order regarding the direction and boundaries as well as the method of fostering correctional inmates based on Pancasila which is carried out in an integrated manner between the coaches, those who are fostered, and the community to improve the quality of correctional inmates so that they are aware of their mistakes, improve themselves, and do not repeat criminal acts so that they can be accepted again by the community, can play an active role in the development and can live normally as good and responsible citizens.
Rutan as well as correctional institutions have a function in the process of fostering prisoners. There are many types of coaching or activities carried out in prisons to meet prisoners' physical and spiritual needs, commonly called correctional inmates. From the table data above, the process of coaching in the religious field is quite effective in clearing the thoughts, hearts, and behaviour of prisoners; this can be seen in 81.25% of prisoners who are satisfied with religious guidance. And as many as 18.75% of inmates are not confident with the process of spiritual development in the detention centre. This must be a benchmark for correctional personnel to continue to improve in spiritual growth so that prisoners or correctional inmates are assisted in adapting to the outside community to become useful individuals for families, communities, nations, and the State. From the data table above, they classified the skill development process as effective, with 87.5%. And 12.5% feel that skills development in the detention centre is quite effective; this is due to the limited area of the detention centre to exercise and try other skills and the lack of coaches in the routine that can take care of all the inmates.
Class II B Barru Rutan carries out skills development programs such as counselling guidance, making entrepreneurial crafts, and washing vehicles outside the walls, carried out by assimilation. As stated by the Head of Detention Service Subsidy in an Interview with the Author: They carried out skills activities every day. For example, those who want to make crafts can go to the room that has been provided-many of their fine arts. However, implementing these activities still encounters several obstacles, such as inadequate facilities and infrastructure. 28 From the table data above, the quality that is being developed is already 75% less effective, and this happens because there is still violence in the routine against both those carried out by officers and themselves.
Mastery of the coaching model is very important to be reached by officers in the field. Coaching, which is divided into 3 (three) stages, namely the initial stage, the advanced stage, and the final stage, is a system that must be implemented effectively in the field. Guidance in detention centres or prisons must be in the form of protection that does not emphasize suppression (retaliation) in order to realize correctional expectations to return the prisoners who were lost to find a straight and right way during society.

Obstacles to Handling Inmate Development in Class II B Barru Detention Center
Based on the results of the research the Author did at the Class II B Barru Rutan in conducting guidance to prisoners, there were several factors that influenced the implementation of coaching for prisoners, including:

The Law itself
It can be seen from the existence of laws and regulations, which are made by the government with the expectation of positive impacts that will be obtained from law enforcement. Executed based on the laws and regulations to achieve effective goals. However, in line with the length of the criminal period served by the inmate, it will have an impact on the mental State of the inmate, such as the incidence of depression in inmates, which is influenced by the length of the sentence and the length of time the inmate spends in prison and loses a job which is a source of income. The longer the criminal period, the longer the prisoner languishes in prison and loses his job or source of income, and the easier it is for the inmates to experience depression and feel low selfesteem.
Therefore, this is where the task of the correctional institution is to eliminate depression experienced by inmates by replacing it with life motivation so that after being released from prison, they will start a new life and become useful human beings for society.
With the criminal period served by prisoners, it will make a very long time to reflect on all the mistakes that have been made while outside the prison. Over time, the criminal will become a better person than before. For example, an inmate who has never stepped foot into a place of worship while outside the detention centre will be inversely proportional to when he is in the detention centre who is treated to spiritual development, which little by little will strengthen the inmate's faith and help him find peace in his life.

Quantity of Officers
Officers have a very important role in coaching; the thing that becomes the basis for influencing officers to act is of course, the level of knowledge, especially about the coaching of prisoners themselves, so that officers are required to be able to understand the problems that arise for the smooth process of the coaching. The Class II B Barru Rutan has several occupants of, 196 people, where the total officers are 40 officers, and each guarding officer is 4 guards; this indicates that the number of officers guarding the Class II B Barru State Detention Center is still not ideal, with a total of This is what makes the efforts to guard prisons and detention centres considered not optimal. From the table above, the treatment of correctional officers against prisoners as law enforcers is considered effective, but there is still dissatisfaction from prisoners against correctional officers. The personal attitude of correctional officers who still apply the old prison system triggers this by prioritizing violence that has long been replaced with a correctional system that prioritizes the coaching process.

Facilities and Infrastructure
The pattern and layout of the building as stipulated in the Decree of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia No. M.O1. PL.01.01 of 1985, dated April 11, 1985 concerning the Building Pattern of the State Correctional Institution and Detention Center needs to be realized because the pattern and layout of the building an important factor to support the implementation of human rights for prisoners with guidance following the purpose of disciplinary. This building is on the outskirts of town. In terms of transportation and communication, there are no problems. However, because the Class II B Barru Detention Center has residents not only from the surrounding area but also from various corners of Indonesia, especially South Sulawesi Province, it will certainly make it easier for families visiting their families. 30 Results of Interviews with Prisoners at the Class State Detention Center II B Barru Currently, the spatial condition of the Class II B Barru Rutan, especially the living room, is maintained and pays attention to human dignity and the rights of prisoners as human beings so that their basic needs are kept. And the Class II B Barru Rutan has been designed concerning privacy and support for rehabilitation programs and integration into society in the future. b) Facilities needed by Rutan Class II B Barru The table above illustrates that the facilities and infrastructure in the Class II B Barru Rutan have not been adequate in the process of fostering prisoners, although some prisoners are satisfied with the existing facilities and infrastructure. Based on interviews conducted by the Author with the Head of Rutan Class II B Barru, he stated that: Lack of equipment or facilities, both in quantity and quality, is one of the inhibiting factors for the smooth process of coaching prisoners. Class II B Barru Rutan has fulfilled the provisions regarding facilities such as spiritual and entertainment facilities. Still, some facilities are unsuitable for use, thus reducing the quality of the coaching facilities themselves. 32 Several facilities contribute to the implementation of prisoner training, namely; 1) Administration room; The place where all administrative process activities are held. Rutan Class II B Barru has one administrative room that is quite adequate.
2) Reception room; The place where the reception for prisoners and prisoners who have just arrived at the Barru Class II B detention center is held. Newly arrived inmates and prisoners were listed and given uniform clothing, which was then put in an orientation cell for some time to determine the next coaching program. We equipped this reception room with facilities for administrative purposes such as registration, shooting, finger marks and matters related to the admission process. Barru's Class II B detention centre also has an admission room for prisoners and prisoners who have just arrived.  From the data above, the major obstacle in fostering prisoners is inadequate residential rooms. This can cause discomfort for inmates. The situation is overcapacity in the detention centre causes this to happen; the capacity of the occupancy rooms is only 8 inmates, but with the current situation, it can reach 20 people in one occupancy room.
They still need supervision in living rooms with medium security standards, but not too tight. The equipment in the living room is the same as the equipment in the living room, with maximum security, namely a bed, wardrobe, and lighting. Close supervision is still required inside the maximum-security living room because prisoners are considered dangerous.
Regarding the living room for prisoners, it is still between medium security and maximum security because supervision is still carried out strictly, and the officer still holds the room key. The classification of institutions with ultimate, medium and minimum deposits no longer follows the needs of the correctional system.
The basis for this classification is only seen from the security approach, as stated in Article 13 of the Criminal Code. It is better to think about the condition of the building of an open prison with a minimum standard of security or the need for semi-institutional facilities that are well coordinated within the framework of integrating prisoners into society. Although this, of course, requires careful planning and preparation, it also requires the involvement of an independent institution supported by qualified officers. 4) Dining room; All the inmates ate in their respective cell rooms because the agency's officers delivered the food directly. In this case, prisoners are entitled to quality food and sufficient quantity adjusted to health standards. 5) Discipline Cells; Cells place prisoners who violate the rules or discipline of the rules that have been determined. The Class II B Barru detention centre has a disciplinary cell for prisoners who violate the laws. However, this disciplinary cell is not used because if a violation occurs, it will impose a warning, except for serious violations.
In connection with this, as stated by the Narcotics prisoner (48 years old) that, "Convicts who violate will be given sanctions ranging from reprimand to being transferred to an isolation room or disciplinary punishment. Depending on the violation committed." 34 An Inmate of Theft (32 Years Old) said that, "Gradual sanctions are given, ranging from reprimands to severe sanctions, namely the revocation of rights, depending on the type of violation committed." 35 6) Orientation Cells; To place new prisoners in temporary residences, where they are studied, to determine the next program. The Class II B Barru detention centre has one orientation room; this cell follows its function of giving rights to prisoners. 7) Visiting room; A place where family gatherings are held. Class II B Barru Rutan has a visiting room that is united with the coaching administration room. It's just that in its implementation for family visits at this time, even though it has a clear time limit, sometimes violations still occur. This usually happens to prisoners with upper social status and also to visitors who are already familiar with the officers; the period can be extended. 8) Coaching room; In the framework of the training of prisoners. Then rooms are needed that function to support the realization of the guidance. 9) Education Room; In accommodating educational and scientific activities, under the leadership of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Education and Culture. 10) Library Building; Although the library building in this institution is quite adequate, the condition of the books is partly very outdated, with the contents that are not actual/not updated. This certainly affects the process of fostering child prisoners because children must get true outside-world information, so they do not miss news even though they are in the institution. 11) Auditorium Room; This room is housed as a multipurpose place, for example, for holding ceremonies, lectures, art, etc. Currently, the multipurpose room is sufficiently functioning as it should be, for instance, with more effectiveness of counselling.
12) Places of Worship; The Class II B Barru detention centre has one prayer room. This room serves to accommodate religious activities for inmates. Physically, this building is quite adequate, but it needs to be improved qualitatively and quantitatively regarding religious programs. 13) Clinic; Currently, Rutan Class II B Barru only has a clinic for medical services for inmates who need examination and treatment.
14) Kitchen; Rutan Class II B Barru has adequate kitchen space for cooking to meet the food needs of the inmates of the Class II B Barru detention centre. Inmates employed as chefs carry out cooking activities every 3 times a day.
15) Workspace Bimker (Workshop): At the Class II B Detention Center, Barru has a workroom / Biker, which functions as a space for non-formal education. This room serves to practice painting, music, electronic skills, screen printing, sewing, and plywood crafts. However, something did not fully implement some activities due to a shortage of teachers in work guidance.

Overlapping Implementations
The Class II B Barru State Detention Center's coaching program is diverse. But in reality, not all of these programs can be implemented as desired. The number of coaching personnel, facilities, funds, and the number of prisoners as inmates influences this. The facts on the ground show that the implementation of coaching seems to overlap, and is forced to keep going. This has an impact on the results of coaching that are less than optimal because, according to data obtained by researchers, one of the WBP has not fully explored the coaching that is occupied and has to move to another coaching.
In implementing the role of Correctional Institutions in carrying out the process of fostering prisoners, there are factors that influence both supporting and inhibiting factors. Factors that support the detention centre's efforts in carrying out the prisoner development process are the number of prisoners who do not exceed the detention capacity, a conducive detention centre situation, and bottom-up approach development.
Based on the facts that occurred in the field, the authors analyzed the obstacles to handling the construction of prisoners in the Class II B Barru State Detention House, namely the sentence that was too long resulted in inmates experiencing depression so that the guidance carried out at the Class II B Barru State Detention Center was disrupted, the number of officers was minimal, a small budget, inadequate facilities, and infrastructure and the implementation of overlapping developments are also factors that hamper the handling of prisoner development at the Class II B Barru State Detention Center.

IV. CONCLUSION
Community guidance has not been effective when viewed from the inmates' understanding of coaching at the detention center, namely most of the inmates do not understand the types of coaching so it becomes an obstacle in handling the development of prisoners in Class II B. Barru detention centers such as the relatively long detention period causes inmates to experience depression, minimal number of officers, small budget, inadequate facilities, and infrastructure and overlapping implementation of coaching.

V. SUGGESTION
This article would not have been possible without the help of the Barru IIB Detention Center, which helped the team tremendously to devote their time and energy to providing data and reports for the successful implementation of the research. Articles created on similar themes, and their quotes helped us compile this article in a timely and smooth manner. The authors would also like to thank the leadership, especially the Chancellor of the Institut Ilmu Sosial dan Bisnis Andi Sapada, and all faculty leaders.