Surat Edaran Kapolri Tentang Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) dalam Kerangka Hak Asasi Manusia
Keywords:
HAM, Ujaran Kebencian, Hukum, dan KebebasanAbstract
Tulisan ini mendiskusikan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) dalam Diskursus HAM. Hate speech merupakan konsep yang sangat rentan
berhadap-hadapan dengan hak berpendapat dan berekspresi. Titik singgung ujaran kebencian dalam kerangka HAM berada pada dua diskursus hak, yaitu: a) kebebasan beragama atau berkeyakinan; b) kebebasan berekspresi dan berpendapat, c) perlindungan ras dan etnik. Secara konsep ataupun praktik, ujaran kebencian sering kali diterapkan secara berbeda-beda, baik di tingkat global ataupun praktik Negara-negara di dunia. Dengan pendekatan HAM, ada 6 (enam) hal yang harus dilihat di dalam Surat Edaran Kapolri tentang penanganan ujaran kebencian (Hate Speech), yaitu: 1) elemen kejahatan (element of crimes); 2) basis subyek tindakan kejahatan; 3) metode atau cara kejahatan dilakukan; 4) tujuan dari tindakan itu sendiri; 5) Potensi efek dari ujaran kebencian; 6) Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menangani hate speech.
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