Improving Retention Intentions Among Female Table Tennis Athletes: a Self-Determination Theory-Based Intervention

Kurnia Roosliana; Ayi  Suherman; Indra Safari

doi:10.31599/08bd8g51

Authors

Kurnia Roosliana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Ayi Suherman Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-1958
Indra Safari Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5648-1568

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31599/08bd8g51

Keywords:

Table Tennis, Retention, Self Determination Theory (SDT)

Abstract

The high dropout rate among female athletes during adolescence constitutes a systemic crisis in competitive sports. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an intervention based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in increasing retention intentions among female table tennis athletes in Indonesia. A quasi-experimental method employing a matching-only pretest-posttest control group design was used with 50 female table tennis athletes (25 in the experimental group receiving the SDT intervention and 25 in the control group receiving conventional training). Retention data were collected via questionnaires. Data analysis involved a paired samples t-test to assess within-group improvement significance, alongside an independent samples t-test and N-gain score analysis to evaluate mean differences and the effect size of the intervention's effectiveness between groups. Results indicated no significant difference in baseline conditions between the two groups (t = 1.854; p = 0.082). Following the intervention, both the experimental and control groups demonstrated significant increases in retention . Effect size analysis revealed that the SDT intervention group achieved a mean N-Gain of 0.5289, which was statistically significantly higher than the control group's mean N-Gain of 0.3115 (t = 3.699; p = 0.002). Upon verifying the distribution of effectiveness within the N-Gain data, it is concluded that the SDT-based intervention yielded a statistically more significant effect size compared to conventional methods. The SDT approach is convincingly more effective at enhancing retention intentions among female table tennis athletes in West Java.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alkasasbeh, W. J., & Akroush, S. H. (2025). Sports motivation: a narrative review of psychological approaches to enhance athletic performance. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 16). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1645274

Artino, A. R., & Jones, K. D. (2012). Exploring the complex relations between achievement emotions and self-regulated learning behaviors in online learning. Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.01.006

Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2009). A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: Implications for sports coaches. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(2), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840903235330

Bevan, N., Drummond, C., Abery, L., Elliott, S., Pennesi, J. L., Prichard, I., Lewis, L. K., & Drummond, M. (2021). More opportunities, same challenges: adolescent girls in sports that are traditionally constructed as masculine. Sport, Education and Society, 26(6), 592–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1768525

Chirkov, V., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating Autonomy From Individualism and Independence: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Internalization of Cultural Orientations and Well-Being. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 84, Number 1, pp. 97–110). American Psychological Association Inc. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.97

Cowley, E. S., Watson, P. M., Foweather, L., Belton, S., Thompson, A., Thijssen, D., & Wagenmakers, A. J. M. (2021). “Girls Aren’t Meant to Exercise”: Perceived Influences on Physical Activity among Adolescent Girls—The HERizon Project. Children, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010031

Crane, J., & Temple, V. (2015). A systematic review of dropout from organized sport among children and youth. European Physical Education Review, 21(1), 114–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X14555294

Drummond, M., Drummond, C., Elliott, S., Prichard, I., Pennesi, J. L., Lewis, L. K., Bailey, C., & Bevan, N. (2022). Girls and Young Women in Community Sport: A South Australian Perspective. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.803487

Eime, R., Charity, M., & Westerbeek, H. (2022). The Sport Participation Pathway Model (SPPM): a conceptual model for participation and retention in community sport. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 14(2), 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2022.2034913

Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., Casey, M. M., Westerbeek, H., & Payne, W. R. (2016). Age profiles of sport participants. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-016-0031-3

Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Nelson, R. (2018). Demographic characteristics and type/frequency of physical activity participation in a large sample of 21,603 Australian people. BMC Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5608-1

Eliasson, I., & Johansson, A. (2021). The disengagement process among young athletes when withdrawing from sport: A new research approach. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(4), 537–557. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690219899614

English, C. (2017). Toward sport reform: hegemonic masculinity and reconceptualizing competition. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 44(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2017.1300538

Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2013). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. In McGraw-Hil (Vol. 53, Number 9). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Fraser-Thomas J, Côté J, & Deakin J. (2008). Examining adolescent sport dropout and prolonged engagement from a developmental perspective. Journal of Applied Sport Psycholog, 20(3), 318–333.

Fredrickson, B. L., Roberts, T.-A., Stewart, A., Costanzo, P., Fischer, K., & Hendler, L. (1997). OBJECTIFICATION THEORY Toward Understanding Women’s Lived Experiences and Mental Helath Risks. In Psychology of Women Quarterly (Vol. 21).

Fritsch, J., Finne, E., Jekauc, D., Zerdila, D., Elbe, A. M., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2020). Antecedents and Consequences of Outward Emotional Reactions in Table Tennis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578159

Gallant, F., Giroux, M. A., Gunnell, K. , Registe, P. P. , Mekari, S. , Doré, I. , Sabiston, C. , & Bélanger, M. (2024). Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction as Correlates of Physical Activity Trajectories During Ad olescence. Scandinavian Journal of Medicina & Science in Sports, 34(10). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14743

Hu, Q., Li, P., Jiang, B., & Liu, B. (2023). Impact of a controlling coaching style on athletes’ fear of failure: Chain mediating effects of basic psychological needs and sport commitment. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1106916

Jelleli, H. , et al. (2022). Individual sports as a mental health protective factor: Examining anxiety and self-efficacy. Frontiers in Public Health.

Jowett, S. (2007). Interdependence analysis and the 3+1Cs in the coach–athlete relationship. Human Kinetics.

Kim, S. K., & Choi, H. (2024). Effects of coaches’ autonomy support on athletes’ aggressive behavior and athlete burnout: verification of the mediating effects of coach-athlete relationship and team efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1388185

Knowles, A. M., Niven, A., & Fawkner, S. (2014). “Once upon a time I used to be active”. Adopting a narrative approach to understanding physical activity behaviour in adolescent girls. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 6(1), 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2013.766816

Kokolakakis, T., Castellanos-García, P., & Lera-López, F. (2017). Differences in formal and informal sports participation at regional level in England. International Journal of Sport Policy, 9(3), 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2017.1287757

Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coach-athlete relationship: A motivational model. In Journal of Sports Sciences (Vol. 21, Number 11, pp. 883–904). https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140374

Moreno-Vitoria, L., Cabeza-Ruiz, R., & Pellicer-Chenoll, M. (2024). Factors that influence the physical and sports participation of adolescent girls: a systematic review. In Apunts. Educacion Fisica y Deportes (Number 157, pp. 19–30). Instituto Nacional de Educacion Fisica de Cataluna. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2024/3).157.03

O’Reilly, M., Talbot, A., & Harrington, D. (2023). Adolescent perspectives on gendered ideologies in physical activity within schools: Reflections on a female-focused intervention. Feminism and Psychology, 33(2), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/09593535221109040

Oriane Petiot, Gilles Kermarrec, Jérôme Visioli, & Guillaume Martin. (2024). The Inducers of an Elite Male Table Tennis Player’s Emotional Experience Throughout His Career: A Single Case Study Based on the Critical-Incident Method jurnal : Human Kinetics Journal. Human Kinetics Journal, 38(2).

Pinel, C. J. J., Mehta, R., & Okholm Kryger, K. (2022a). The impact and experienced barriers menstruation present to football participation in amateur female footballers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(17), 1950–1963. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2122328

Pinel, C. J. J., Mehta, R., & Okholm Kryger, K. (2022b). The impact and experienced barriers menstruation present to football participation in amateur female footballers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(17), 1950–1963. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2122328

Prabowo, T. A. (2024). ATHLETES’ SATISFACTION TOWARDS SPORT TRAINING: AN INITIAL INVESTIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF QUESTIONNAIRE. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v11i1.5365

Radaedeke, T. D. (1997). Is Athlete Burnout More Than Just Stress? A Sport Commitmentr Perspective. 19, 396–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.19.4.396

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory. Basic psychological needs in motivation, development and wellness. New York, NY : Guilford Press. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 38(3), 231–234. https://doi.org/10.7202/1041847ar

Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2011). Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. Journal of Adolescence, 34(3), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.06.007

Spaaij, R., Farquharson, K., & Marjoribanks, T. (2015). Sport and Social Inequalities. Sociology Compass, 9(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12254

Sport Ireland. (2023). Sport Ireland Policy On WOMEN IN SPORT. https://www.sportireland.ie

World Health Organization. (2024). Physical activity. Levels of physical inactivity globally. Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Physical-Activity.