Explosive Arm Power, Hand Eye Coordination, and Volleyball Service Accuracy: Path Analysis

Try Marta Br  Tambunan; Amir  Supriadi; Hariadi; Rahma  Dewi; Sandra  Arhesa

doi:10.31599/qahwa231

Authors

Try Marta Br Tambunan Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
Amir Supriadi Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
Hariadi Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
Rahma Dewi Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
Sandra Arhesa Universitas Majalengka, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31599/qahwa231

Keywords:

explosive power, hand–eye coordination, overhead service, service accuracy, path analysis

Abstract

Background: Arm explosive power, hand eye coordination, and overhead-serve performance are related components of youth volleyball, but their cross-sectional associations require cautious interpretation. Objective: This study examined a prespecified pathway model linking arm explosive power and hand–eye coordination with two serve-test scores among junior high school extracurricular athletes. Method: Twenty students aged 13–15 years (9 boys and 11 girls) were purposively selected from 40 program members. Two regression submodels were estimated. Because all measures were collected in one fixed-order session and the two serve tests both used landing-zone scores, the analysis is descriptive and does not establish temporal or causal mediation. Results: Arm explosive power (β = .542, p = .004) and hand–eye coordination (β = .417, p = .019) were associated with the overhead-serve score. In the accuracy submodel, arm explosive power (β = .310, p = .019), hand–eye coordination (β = .334, p = .007), and the overhead-serve score (β = .476, p = .003) were associated with accuracy. Adjusted R² values were .557 and .856. Standardized indirect associations were .258 and .198. Sobel results were p = .016 and p = .038, respectively, but no bootstrap confidence intervals were available. Conclusion: The observed coefficients are consistent with the hypothesized pathway model in this selected sample, but small-sample instability, selection bias, unmeasured confounding, and operational overlap between the two serve tests limit inference and generalizability.

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