Professional Waqf 5.0: Penta Helix Strategy and Legal Pluralism in the Digital Era

Nurul Hikmah; Syahid Akhmad Faisol; Dicky Eko Prasetio; Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjunid; Mochamad Ikwan

doi:10.31599/krtha.v20i1.5312

Authors

Nurul Hikmah Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Syahid Akhmad Faisol Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Dicky Eko Prasetio Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjunid Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali
Mochamad Ikwan Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v20i1.5312

Keywords:

Digitalization, Legal Pluralism, Penta Helix, Professional Waqf

Abstract

Professional waqf is one type of waqf that has the potential to become a means of improving the welfare of society in Indonesia. The development of digitalization essentially presents opportunities to optimize the implementation of professional waqf in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the penta helix strategy and legal pluralism in optimizing digital-based professional waqf in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research with the aim of conducting reform-oriented research related to the legal policy of professional waqf in Indonesia. Legal materials were collected, including laws and regulations and other research findings, which were then prescriptively analyzed. The research findings confirm that one of the obstacles to implementing professional waqf in Indonesia is the lack of specific regulations regarding professional waqf, which leads to legal uncertainty in its implementation. Through the legal pluralism approach, the regulation of professional waqf will be more optimal and synergistic with Islamic law and state law. Optimizing professional waqf requires a pentahelix approach involving the community, universities, business actors, government, and the media thru a transparent and participatory digitalization process. Digitalization implemented with a penta helix-based approach and accommodating legal pluralism is expected to increase community participation and contribution to the implementation of professional waqf in Indonesia. The academic contribution of this research lies in the use of the penta helix approach and legal pluralism, where professional waqf not only requires a legal framework in the form of regulations but also needs the penta helix approach and legal pluralism to optimize professional waqf in Indonesia.

References

A’yun, Qurrota, Achmad Muhibbin Zuhri, and Rahma Hanim Azzahra. “Berwakaf Sebagai New Life Style: Strategi Komunikasi BWI Pada Akun Instagram Di Kalangan Milenial.” Qolamuna: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (2025): 165–179.

Abdullah, Putri Allana, Ismail Bin Omar, Iqbal Alan Abdullah, Pertiwi Utami, Nur Azizah Zuhriyah, Lita Monalysa, Basrowi, Dedi Satriawan, and Septi Widiawati. “Development of Waqf from an Islamic Perspective through the Land Professional Society of Malaysia in an Effort to Increase Waqf Literacy.” AJAD : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (August 10, 2024): 384–392. http://journal.msti-indonesia.com/index.php/ajad/article/view/353.

Abiba, Riska Widya, and Eko Suprayitno. “Optimalisiasi Wakaf Produktif Dalam Mendukung Upaya Pencapaian SDGs Melalui Pemberdayaan Peternakan.” Al-Intaj : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 9, no. 1 (March 2023): 109.

Aulya Rachma Damayanti, Silvia Aluf, Nazwa Abidin Yunus, Muhammad Faiz Ferdi Rahman, Danendra Sakhi Rukmana, and Yayat suhayat. “Konsep Wakaf Dalam Ilmu Manajemen.” Journal of Creative Student Research 1, no. 4 (July 17, 2023): 01–21. https://ejurnal.politeknikpratama.ac.id/index.php/jcsr/article/view/2211.

Azwar, Hendri, Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah, Mohd Salehuddin Mohd Zahari, Arni Abd Gani, and Feri Ferdian. “Does Penta-Helix Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration Serve as a Sustainable Development Strategy for Community-Based Tourism (CBT)?: A Qualitative Inquiry of Agam Regency, Indonesia.” Tourism Planning & Development 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2025): 1–26. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21568316.2025.2540535.

Badan Wakaf Indonesia. “440.500 Titik Tanah Wakaf Seluas Lebih Dari 57.200 Hektare,” 2024. https://www.bwi.go.id/9364/2024/03/20/kementrian-bappenas-gelar-zakat-wakaf-impact-forum-pertama/.

Dicky Eko Prasetio, Fradhana Putra Disantara, Nadia Husna Azzahra, Dita Perwitasari. “The Legal Pluralism Strategy of Sendi Traditional Court in the Era of Modernization Law.” Rechtsidee 8, no. 1 (2021): 4.

Dwi, Rindang, Putri Nirmala, Amara Srie, and Adzantyassurya Qotrunnada. “Legal Status of Profession Waqf from a Positive Legal Perspective in Indonesia.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, no. 4 (2024): 1085–1091.

Fraya, Venny, Hartin Nst, Yenni Samri, Juliati Nasution, and Saparuddin Siregar. “Implementation Of Wakaf As A Tool Of Social Finance To Achieve The SDGs In Indonesia Case Study On Indonesian Waqf Board.” Moneter : Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan 12, no. 3 (2024): 623–634.

Ghobakhloo, Morteza, Hannan Amoozad Mahdiraji, Mohammad Iranmanesh, and Vahid Jafari-Sadeghi. From Industry 4.0 Digital Manufacturing to Industry 5.0 Digital Society: A Roadmap Toward Human-Centric, Sustainable, and Resilient Production. Information Systems Frontiers. Springer US, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-024-10476-z.

Hamzani, Achmad Irwan, Tiyas Vika Widyastuti, Nur Khasanah, and Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli. “Legal Research Method: Theoretical and Implementative Review.” International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2023): 3610–3619.

Hanifah, Risti Ulfi, Ahmad Sahri Romadon, and S. Sulistyorini. “Optimization of the Implementation of PSAK 112 in An Effort to Increase Accountability for the Management and Reporting of Waqaf Assets at the Pondok Pesantren Foundation.” Quantitative Economics and Management Studies 3, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 457–467. https://jurnal.ahmar.id/index.php/qems/article/view/958.

Husni, Husni, and Miftahul Khairat. “Penetration of Muamalah Jurisprudence into Indonesian Law.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 9, no. 2 (November 21, 2024): 699–722. https://journal.iaincurup.ac.id/index.php/alistinbath/article/view/11116.

Husni, Husni, Juliana Putri, and Harjoni Harjoni. “Model Pengelolaan Waqaf Dalam Keragamaan Etnis Di Aceh.” Owner 7, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 3128–3143. https://owner.polgan.ac.id/index.php/owner/article/view/1681.

Imam Kamaluddin, Muhammad Vicki Azhari. “Analisis Kebolehan Wakaf Tunai Menurut Maqashid Syariah.” Jurnal Masharif Al-Syariah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah 9, no. 1 (2024): 682–694.

Indrayani, Kiki, S. Sulaksono, T. Tamsil, and Dicky Eko Prasetio. “From Citizen Ideology to Netizen Ideology: The Legal Culture of Digitizing Pancasila in Realizing Politeness on Social Media.” Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2024): 12–17. https://www.goldenratio.id/index.php/grlspr/article/view/845.

Irhammudin, Irhammudin, and Ibrahim Fikma Edrisy. “Restorative Justice in the Implementation of Diversion Against Child Criminal Victims.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah dan Masyarakat 22, no. 2 (2022): 223–238.

Jumain, Mujiyanto Muhammad, Nagina Gul, and Mir Hassan. “The Productive Waqf Impact upon Pesantrens’ Self-Sufficiency: A Comparative Study of Pondok Modern Tazakka Batang and Pondok Pesantren Modern Sulthon Auliya Jakarta.” Global Legal Studies Review 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–15. https://www.glsrjournal.com/article/the-productive-waqf-impact-upon-pesantrens-selfsufficiency-a-comparative-study-of-pondok-modern-tazakka-batang-and-pondok-pesantren-modern-sulthon-auliya-jakarta.

Koos, Stefan. “Digital Globalization and Law.” Lex Scientia Law Review 6, no. 1 (2022): 33–68.

Laela Fatikhatul Choiriyah, Ana, Dominikus Rato, and Bayu Dwi Anggono. “Urgensi Pembaharuan Pengelolaan Wakaf Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Rechtens 12, no. 2 (2023): 239–256.

Masnun, Muh. Ali, Prasetio, Dicky Eko, Maalikatussofa. “Reconstruction of the Normative Legal Research Paradigm in Responding to Global Challenges: An Epistemological Analysis.” Novum: Jurnal Hukum 12, no. 3 (2025): 372–384.

Masnun, Muh. Ali, Dicky Eko Prasetio, Denial Ikram, and Puja Aqdamuyasyaro P. “Legal Reform of Legal Profession Amidst the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Indonesia: The Perspective of Mesu Budi’s Philosophy of Law.” Novum: Jurnal Hukum 12, no. 2 (2025): 277–287.

Masriyah, Siti. “Peran Wakaf Produktif Dalam Kesejahteraan Masyarakat.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 10, no. 1 (March 13, 2024): 627. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/jei/article/view/12064.

Matana, Antony Stefanus Purba, and Iwan Setiawan. “Analisis Konsep Penta Helix Dalam Pengembangan Potensi Wisata Di Kampung Bekelir Tangerang.” Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 1, no. 4 (2022): 920.

Maulina, Rindawati, Wawan Dhewanto, and Taufik Faturohman. “How to Attract Wealthy Muslims to Contribute to Cash Waqf (Islamic Endowment) Held by the Islamic Banks? Case in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 15, no. 12 (December 2, 2024): 3323–3356. http://www.emerald.com/jima/article/15/12/3323-3356/1232485.

Maulina, Rindawati, Wawan Dhewanto, Taufik Faturohman, and Imam Nur Azis. “Empowering Waqf (Islamic Endowment) Entrepreneurs: A Study of the Key Motivational Factors Underlying Waqf -Based Entrepreneurship in Indonesia.” European Business Review 37, no. 2 (January 22, 2025): 338–370. http://www.emerald.com/ebr/article/37/2/338-370/1242812.

Muayyad, Deden Misbahudin, and Didik Jatmiko. “Higher Education Financing Model Through Cash Waqf: An Exploratory Study.” Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 113–124. https://journal.uii.ac.id/JIELariba/article/view/20892.

Muhammad Ikram, Andi. “Pendayagunaan Wakaf Uang Dalam Hukum Islam Dan Undang-Undang Wakaf.” Rayah Al-Islam 8, no. 1 (2024): 175–190.

Munir, Misbahul. “Transformasi Wakaf Produktif Berbasis Nilainilai Al-Qur’an: Pendekatan Studi Kasus Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Syariah 12, no. 1 (2025): 339–356.

Mustafa, Ahmad Sofyan, and Nurul Hikmah. “Konsep Wakaf Profesi Pada Hukum Positif Di Indonesia.” Novum: Jurnal Hukum 11, no. 1 (2024): 119–129.

Prasetio, Dicky Eko. “Hukum Adat Di Indonesia: Perspektif Pluralisme Hukum.” In Refleksi Dinamika Hukum Di Indonesia, 174–180. Jakarta: PT Adikara Cipta Aksa, 2025.

———. “Inventarisasi Putusan Peradilan Adat Sendi Sebagai Upaya Memperkuat Constitutional Culture Dalam Negara Hukum Pancasila.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 2, no. 3 (2021): 249–273.

Prasetio, Dicky Eko, Muh. Ali Masnun, Fradhana Putra Disantara, and Noviyanti Noviyanti. “The Construction Of The Lex Sportiva Principle In Indonesia’s Sports Law: Implications And Future Arrangements.” UUM Journal of Legal Studies 16, no. 2 (July 31, 2025): 58–69. https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/uumjls/article/view/24580.

Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2008.

Rahmawati, Husni Thamrin, Satriak Guntoro, and Sri Kurnialis. “Transformasi Digital Wakaf BWI Dalam Menghimpun Wakaf Di Era Digitalisasi.” Jurnal Tabarru’: Islamic Banking and Finance 4, no. 2 (2021): 532–540.

Ridwan Arma Subagyo, Dicky Eko Prasetio. “Dari Citizen Ideology Menjadi Netizen Ideology: Pendidikan Digitalisasi Pancasila Dalam Mewujudkan Kesantunan Bermedia Sosial.” In Pancasila Dan Pendidikan, 336–345. Sukoharjo: Pramudita Press, 2025.

Rosyid, Ahmad Zaenur, Syarul Azman Bin Shaharudin, Hidayatus Sholihah, and Asmaji Asmaji. “The Dynamics of Productive Waqf Management of Islamic Kingdom Property in Java.” Al-’Adalah 21, no. 1 (June 25, 2024): 149. https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/adalah/article/view/16384.

“Satu Wakaf Indonesia,” n.d. https://apps.satuwakaf.id/.

Siti Aisyah Nuraini, Suhairi Yusuf. “Professional Waqf Trustees In the Digital 5.0 Era.” I-Philanthropy:A Research Journal On Management Of Zakat and Waqf 5, no. 1 (2025): 56–58.

Surjanti, Surjanti, Maisa Maisa, Dicky Eko Prasetio, and Retno Sari Dewi. “Digital Counter Terrorism: Legal Policy for Countering the Spread of Terrorist Content on Social Media.” In Proceedings of the First International Cyber Law Conference, ICL-C 2023, 11 November 2023, Jakarta, Indonesia, 1–4. EAI, 2025. http://eudl.eu/doi/10.4108/eai.11-11-2023.2351348.

Teguh Fitriyani, Arum. “An Analysis of the Islamic Fiscal Policy of the State of Kuwait.” Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah 4, no. 1 (2024): 2592–2605. https://www.kemlu.go.id/kuwait.

Ulwan Fadhlurrahman, Fauzan, Muhammad Diaz Wahyu Darmansyah, and Yogi Permana Adi Citra. “Managing Islamic Endowments (Waqf): Legal Challenges and Strategic Approaches for Sustainable Development.” Journal of Islamic Law and Legal Studies 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2025): 16–25. https://mabadiiqtishada.org/index.php/ShariaLex/article/view/65.

Wahyudi, Heru, Iwan Wisandani, Cheri Saputra, Winda Rika Lestari, and Sandra Mei Leny. “Digitalisation of Islamic Finance in the Era of Industrial Revolution 5.0: The Contribution of Crowdfunding and e-Wakaf to Islamic Fintech.” International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 15, no. 2 (February 17, 2025): 46–53. https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/17480.

Zafar, Muhammad Bilal, and Ahmad Jafar. “Waqf over a Century: Innovation and Tradition in Shaping Social Equity and Sustainable Development.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 1, no. 1 (October 10, 2025): 1–25. https://www.emerald.com/ijssp/article/doi/10.1108/IJSSP-12-2024-0625/1302644/Waqf-over-a-century-innovation-and-tradition-in.