Learning Motivation, Sports Interest, and Parental Support as Predictors of Student Participation in Physical Education

Abstract

This cross-sectional correlational study examined whether learning motivation, interest in physical activity, and perceived parental support were associated with student-reported participation in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK). The analytic dataset contained questionnaires from 130 Grade 4–6 students at Ngrowo II Public Elementary School, Bojonegoro. Each predictor was represented by five Likert-type items, while participation was represented by ten self-report items. In a simultaneous multiple linear regression, learning motivation (B = 0.412, t = 3.892, p < .001), interest in physical activity (B = 0.385, t = 3.561, p = .001), and perceived parental support (B = 0.298, t = 2.987, p = .003) each showed a positive adjusted association with participation. The reported ANOVA components yield R² = .518 (1856.420/3581.170), adjusted R² = .506, F(3, 126) = 45.210, p < .001. These model-fit values replace the internally inconsistent R² = .652 in the reviewed manuscript and must be checked against the original SPSS output before publication. Because all constructs were measured contemporaneously by student self-report at one school, the results do not establish causation, temporal prediction, or observed behavior.