Dampak Pandemik Covid-19 Terhadap Kunjungan Turis Asing dan Domestik serta Tingkat Hunian Kamar Hotel Bintang di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31599/jki.v20i3.287Kata Kunci:
Covid-19 Pandemic, Foreign and Domestic Tourists Visits,, Hotel Room Occupancy RatesAbstrak
There is the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on foreign and domestic tourist visits in Indonesia. The longer the COVID 19 pandemic, the more foreign and domestic tourists are postponing their visit to Indonesia due to the increasing number of Indonesians infected with COVID 19, the quality of personal protective equipment is not yet according to World Health Organization standards, incomplete hospital facilities in several cities in Indonesia, the limited number of doctors who treat the COVID 19 pandemic and the anti-COVID-19 vaccine has not been found. The decline in foreign and domestic tourism was also due to the temporary prohibition of foreign tourists from entering Indonesia and restrictions on domestic tourists from traveling to several cities and provinces in Indonesia, restrictions on the modes of air and sea transportation. There is the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on hotel occupancy rates in Indonesia. The longer the COVID 19 pandemic, the lower the occupancy rate of star hotels in Indonesia is due to restrictions on activities in public places or facilities, restrictions on transportation modes, hotel room prices, hotel service quality, and hotel facilities.
Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Foreign and Domestic Tourists Visits, Hotel Room Occupancy Rates.
Abstrak
Terdapat pengaruh pandemik covid-19 terhadap kunjungan turis asing dan domestik di Indonesia. Semakin lama pandemic covid 19, maka semakin banyak turis asing dan domestik yang menunda kunjungannya ke Indonesia disebabkan karena semakin meningkatnya penduduk Indonesia yang terinfeksi covid 19, kualitas alat pelindung diri belum sesuai standar World Health Organization, belum lengkapnya fasilitas rumah sakit di beberapa kota di Indonesia, keterbatasan jumlah dokter yang menangani pandemic covid 19 dan vaksin anti covid-19 belum diketemukan. Penurunan turus asing dan domestik juga disebabkan karena pelarangan sementara turis asing masuk ke Indonesia dan pembatasan turis domestik berpergi ke beberapa kota dan provinsi di Indonesia, pembatasan moda transportasi udara dan laut. Terdapat pengaruh pandemik pandemik covid-19 terhadap tingkat hunian hotel di Indonesia. Semakin lama pandemik covid 19 berlangsung, maka semakin menurun tingkat hunian hotel bintang di Indonesia disebabkan karena pembatasan kegiatan di tempat atau fasilitas umum, pembatasan moda transportasi, harga kamar hotel, kualitas pelayanan hotel dan fasilitas hotel.
Kata kunci: PandemikCovid-19, Kunjungan Turis Asing dan Domestik, Tingkat Hunian Kamar Hotel.
Unduhan
Referensi
Biro Pusat Statistik. (2018b). Statistik Hotel dan Tingkat Penghunian Kamar Hotel DKI Jakarta 2018 (D. Kundalini & A. Latif (eds.); 1st ed.). Biro Pusat Statistik.
Biro Pusat Statistik. (2018c). Statistik Wisatawan Nusantara. Biro Pusat Statsitik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/download.html?nrbvfeve=NTI0OWMyYjY0NWUyMTI5MWI1MWRmYzFh&xzmn=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYnBzLmdvLmlkL3B1YmxpY2F0aW9uLzIwMTkvMDcvMDIvNTI0OWMyYjY0NWUyMTI5MWI1MWRmYzFhL3N0YXRpc3Rpay13aXNhdGF3YW4tbnVzYW50YXJhLTIwMTguaHRtbA%3D%3D&twoadfn
Biro Pusat Statistik. (2020a). Foreign Tourists Based on Countries Residences in 2019 and 2020. Biro Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2020/08/03/1717/jumlah-kunjungan-wisman-ke-indonesia-juni-2020-mencapai-160-28-ribu-kunjungan-.html
Biro Pusat Statistik. (2020b). Konsep dan Definisi Statistik Kunjungan Wisatawan Mancanegara. Biro Pusat Statsitik. https://www.bps.go.id/subject/16/pariwisata.html
CNN. (2020, April 17). Pendapatan Sektor Penerbangan Melayang Rp 207 M karena Corona. CNN, 1. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20200417150745-92-494588/pendapatan-sektor-penerbangan-melayang-rp207-m-karena-corona
Gunay, F., Bayraktaroglu, E., & Ozul, K. (2020). Assessing the Short-term Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Foreign Visitor’s Demand for Turkey: A Scenario Analysis. Jurnal of Ekonomi, 04(1), 80–85. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekonomi/issue/53627/726036
Hoque, A., Shikha, F. A., Hasanat, M. W., Arif, I., & Hamid, A. B. A. (2020). The Effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the Tourism Industry in China. Asian Journal of Multidiciplinary Studies, 3(1), 52–58. https://asianjournal.org/online/index.php/ajms/article/view/213
International Labour Organization. (2020). Covid -19 and the World of Work: Impact and Policy Responses. Website. https://news.trust.org/item/20200318134210-5pmjc
Kementerian Pariwsiata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia. (2020). Statistik Tingkat Penghunian Kamar Hotel Bintang Tahun 2020. Kementerian Pariwsiata Dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia. https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id/post/statistik-tingkat-penghunian-kamar-hotel-bintang-tahun-2020
Kumar, V. (2020). Indian Tourism Industry and COVID-19: Present Scenario. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education, 10, 1–7. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jthe.v10i0.28768
Kusubandio, W. (2020). Rancangan Teknokratis Rencana Strategis 2020-2024. Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia. http://eperformance.kemenpar.go.id/dokumen/52Draft Naskah Tekonkratik Renstra 2020 2024.pdf
Laoly, Y. H. (2020). Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020. Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. https://www.imigrasi.go.id/uploads/07-10-24-PERMENKUMHAM_NOMOR_11_TAHUN_2020_TENTANG_PELARANGAN_SEMENTARA_ORANG_ASING_MASUK_WILAYAH_NEGARA_REPUBLIK_INDONESIA.pdf
Makki, S. (2020, June 2). Garuda Indonesia Rumahkan 800 Karyawan Kontrak. CNN, 1. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20200602140628-92-508991/garuda-indonesia-rumahkan-800-karyawan-kontrak
Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2020). Dashboard Kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia. Website.
Ministry of Tourism and Economy Creative of the Republic of Indonesia. (2020). Foreign Tourists Data in 2020. Ministry of Tourism and Economy Creative of the Republic of Indonesia. https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id/post/data-kunjungan-wisatawan-mancanegara-bulanan-tahun-2020
President of the Republic of Indonesia. (2020). Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2O2O concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions in the Context of Accelerating the Handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019. Website. https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/176085/PP_Nomor_21_Tahun_2020.pdf
Ramli, R. R., & Djumena, E. (2020). Penerbangan Rute China Ditutup, Menhub Usul Pesawat Digunakan ke Negara Ini. Kompas, 1. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/02/04/063900326/penerbangan-rute-china-ditutup-menhub-usul-pesawat-digunakan-ke-negara-ini?page=all
Ramli, R. R., & Sukmana, Y. (2020, July 2). Imbas Covid-19, Lion Air Pangkas 2.600 Karyawan. Kompas, 1. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/07/02/170502026/imbas-covid-19-lion-air-pangkas-2600-karyawan?page=all
Saleem, A. S. M. R. Al, & Al-Juboori, N. F. M. (2013). Factors Affecting Hotels Occupancy Rate (An Empirical Study on Some Hotels in Amman). Interdiciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(6), 142–159. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35688.16649
Sobieralski, J. B. (2020). Covid-19 and airline employment: Insights from historical uncertainty shocks to the industry. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 100–123. https://doi.org/DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100123
Stanislav Ivanov. (2014). Hotel Revenue Management from Theory to Practice (S. F. Illum & M. K. Dokuz (eds.); 1st ed.). Zangador Ltd. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262918029_Hotel_Revenue_Management_From_Theory_to_Practice
Task Force to Accelerate the Handling of Covid-19. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic Cases in Indonesia. Task Force to Accelerate the Handling of Covid 19. https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran
Terawan Agus Putranto. (2020). Regulation of the Health Minister of the Republic of Indonesia Number 9 of 2020. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/PMK_No__9_Th_2020_ttg_Pedoman_Pembatasan_Sosial_Berskala_Besar_Dalam_Penanganan_COVID-19.pdf
Wareza, M. (2020, July 1). Baru Saja Untung, Garuda Merugi Lagi di Q1-2020 karena Covid. CNBC Indonesia, 1. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20200701182341-17-169535/baru-saja-untung-garuda-merugi-lagi-di-q1-2020-karena-covid
Wen, J., & Jiang, Y. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on hotel marketing and management: A perspective article. International Journal of Comtemporary of Hospitality Management, 87, 1. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1108/IJCHM-03-2020-0237
WHO. (2020). Question and Answer for Public Concerning Covid-19. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa-for-public
Xu, C., & Zhang, C. (2020). COVID-19 and the Chinese Hotel Sector. HVS CHina. https://www.hvs.com/article/8723-COVID-19-and-the-Chinese-Hotel-Sector
_-_Copy1.jpg)
