BIOREMEDIASI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGEMBALIAN FUNGSI TANAH YANG TERCEMAR MINYAK BUMI

Abstract

Oil contamination from field drilling waste is a
serious environmental problem worldwide.
These oil contaminants must be removed to
maintain biodiversity and ecological balance.
Bioremediation is a soil cleaning technique that
utilizes the metabolic ability of microorganisms
to degrade soil contaminants. The use of native
bacteria producing biosurfactants and
utilization of hydrocarbons increases the
effectiveness of bioremediation by making
hydrocarbons bioavailable for degradation.
Determination 
of 
bioremediation 
microorganisms affects the degradation
process of petroleum. This is because each
microorganism requires a specific substrate to
reduce all the components of petroleum in the
soil. A deeper approach is needed to obtain the
effectiveness of microorganisms, both
nonindigenous and indigenous microorganisms
that are applied by researchers in degrading
petroleum. However, not all available journal
summaries provide a detailed explanation of
the method and effectiveness 
of 
microorganisms in the bioremediation method.
In this review, we will provide several
microorganisms and methods used in
bioremediation, 
including 
adsorptive 
bioremediation, biopile, in-situ bioremediation,
landfarming, biostimulation, and composting in
order to find the most effective method in the
petroleum bioremediation process.